Introduction
The Gail Sheehy article published
Feb. 16, 2004 in The New York Observer (and
also available for sale under an alternate title) has
significant factual errors. This report excerpts and
analyzes the specific text in question and provides
supporting primary source materials and other
references.
The conclusion suggests proper
actions to be taken by Gail Sheehy and her publishers,
and places these recommendations within the context of
the harm induced by these errors, the journalistic
ethical standards in general, and The New York
Observer and Gail Sheehy, in particular.
Art Science Research Laboratory's
Journalism Project
Rhonda Roland Shearer, the author
of this report, is also Director of Art Science Research
Laboratory. ASRL staff work with interns and graduate
students, focusing on interdisciplinary research
projects at Columbia, NYU and other institutions. Among
our projects is an exploration of how scientific methods
can be used to test and verify facts in journalism. In
science, one expects that other scientists will
challenge and retest your data, so one is extremely
careful to build a case using facts that will withstand
the fiercest winds of challenge and doubt from very
smart people. Such ferocity from peers is scary at
first, but you learn to love it. After these formidable
minds look into your data set and conclusions (a
transparency the culture demands), your ideas are deemed
factually supported, and your results are proven to be
repeatable, you realize: "Ah ha." This is the quality of
work that I insist upon for myself and everyone else.
This rigor is required for the process of science to
work at its best. Being wrong and making corrections is
also an expectation and part of the discipline of
science. However, as in journalism, fraud, sloppiness
and distortion of data threaten the entire system of
trust upon which these businesses must depend. Our
investigations seek to develop new methods for the
analysis and production of journalism. Our goal, and the
context for our research, focuses on solid ethical
practices performed with transparency and public
participation, rather than in closed media backrooms
where decisions about fact and corrections are
made.
Art Science Research
Laboratory
Art Science Research Laboratory is
a non-partisan; not-for-profit [501(3)(c)] founded in
1996 by the late Stephen Jay Gould and Rhonda Roland
Shearer. Initially funded with a significant grant from
Paul Mellon, ASRL interns from various disciplines and
institutions (including PHD candidates from NYU and
Columbia University) work together on research projects
using multiple investigative methods from technology,
science, law and history. The research outcomes are then
applied to the creation of jointly authored
publications, the development of educational curriculum
and software, the formation of web sites, physical
collections and archives. The overall institutional goal
for every ASRL research project is the promotion of
critical thinking and ethical practice. Other specific
goals within research projects are personal and group
achievement of discoveries, and the breaking of
boundaries among polarized disciplines and binary
concepts (such as competition versus cooperation;
teaching versus research; junior versus senior or
amateur versus professional scholarship; private versus
public knowledge; as well as the most over-arching and
dissembling "dualism," that of the arts versus the
sciences).